Welcome to the Astrology Food for Thought Blog

This blog presents my interpretation of astrological symbolism as it pertains to the unfolding of individual lives and the events occurring in our world. I welcome you to present your own views and to challenge my thinking. Although I attempt to rely on accurate sources of information, I encourage you to do your own fact-checking, since any resource may at times be flawed.



Saturday, September 22, 2012

LIBRA AND ITS SCALES



Preface 


If your birthday does not fall during the Libra timeframe for the year you were born, this DOES NOT mean that you do not experience the energy of Libra, because somewhere in your natal birth chart, it is present. All twelve signs of the zodiac are expressed in your being, although some signs, and therefore their corresponding energies, may be more emphasized than others.

The Sun sign is about your essence, your vitality (what makes you feel alive), and your self-image. Whatever your Sun sign, you are on a life-long journey to discover and fully embrace this sign’s energy. You may be tested in life to experience the meaning of your Sun sign’s energy.

The Sun transits the sign of Libra beginning September 22, 2012 at 7:49 am PDT.  


Libras Speak















“When will our consciences grow so tender that we will act to prevent human misery rather than avenge it?”

Eleanor Roosevelt
Libra First Lady and U.S. Delegate to the U.N. General Assembly

Source: Retrieved on 9/2/12 from: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/e/eleanor_roosevelt_3.html#0UTHsZg31AAH6Tzg.99


















“We become not a melting pot but a beautiful mosaic. Different people, different beliefs, different yearnings, different hopes, different dreams.”

Jimmy Carter
Libra President of the United States (39th)





















“I like to believe that people in the long run are going to do more to promote peace than our governments. Indeed, I think that people want peace so much that one of these days governments had better get out of the way and let them have it”.

Dwight D. Eisenhower
Libra President of the United States (34th)














“The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function.”


F. Scott Fitzgerald
Libra American Novelist


















“All compromise is based on give and take, but there can be no give and take on fundamentals. Any compromise on mere fundamentals is a surrender. For it is all give and no take.”

Mahatma Gandhi
Libra Independence Movement Leader in India



















“Love does not just sit there, like a stone; it had to be made, like bread, remade all the time, made new.”

Ursula LeGuin
Libra Fantasy and Science Fiction Writer













“Without justice there can be no love.”

bell hooks
Libra feminist writer, educator, and social activist



Libra Symbolism and Sign Characteristics

Scales are the symbols associated with Libra, represented by the inanimate objects alone, or held by a human, like the medieval painting pictured before the beginning of the article. The scales convey the concept of balance. The beginning of Libra marks the time when we have equal night and equal day —the beginning of autumn. The scales also signify justice and the law, and on the spiritual level, the restoration of balance, like the concept of karma.




The Libra glyph, pictured above, resembles a yoke, indicating the need for teamwork and a balanced effort, observes astrologer Bruce Nevin. He notes that traditionally this is the season when farmers “weigh in” their produce at the fall harvest marketplace, where there is a need to balance social needs. Like the seventh house, Libra marks the point in the zodiac, says Nevin, where there is a shift from subjective concerns to objective consciousness.[i]

Libra rules the seventh house of “the other,” spouses or business partners, and some say our closest friends are also represented here. This is where we have a contract or commitment to another. In traditional astrology, the seventh house is called the house of marriage, as well as the house of open enemies. As many of us have observed, those closest to us sometimes seem like our enemies when they reveal information about us that we do not want shared with others. This is often the case when couples terminate a relationship. In the midst of anger and resentment, couples may vocalize intimacies about the former partner that may cause the other embarrassment or pain. The public antics of movie star celebrities Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston are one example of this phenomenon. This frequent dynamic between former couples reminds me of the saying, “there’s a fine line between love and hate.”

Libra is a cardinal sign because it marks the beginning of a new season. Cardinal signs have an action orientation, using active energy to start something new. Libra is an air sign, which represents the mental and social realm. Like the other air signs, Gemini and Aquarius, this sign is savvy in the networking realm. Libra’s planetary ruler is Venus, which is concerned with attracting and relating to another. Venus is also about aesthetics and the arts. Astrologer Deborah Houlding says that Venus has a need to be wanted and a need for the approval of others. Consequently, relationships and the recognition of responsibilities to others is what gives meaning to life for Libra.[ii]

The Sun represents the energy to express one’s individual nature, and it encourages the unfolding of whatever will make the individual feel more alive. The Sun is about the individual’s essence. When the Sun transits the sign of Libra, traditional astrology says that it is in “its fall”, a position indicating a lack of compatibility because Libra’s concern for “the other” weakens the Sun’s search for an individual identity. Houlding adds that the “natural subjugation of clear ego expression for Libra is compounded by the Venus rulership.”[iii]

The positive attributes that Venus bestows upon Libra are good manners, diplomacy, civility, charm, refinement, polish, and good taste. Others may add descriptors like easy-going, friendly, peace loving, and fair. Librans are perfectly suited to positions at the State Department. They do well in venues where an institution or government entity needs a chief of protocol. However, because Libra wants surroundings to be beautiful and harmonious, this sign may be too prone to make judgments on surface appearances. Furthermore, because they are inclined to balance the pros and cons of opinions and arguments, they can vacillate between perspectives, making them appear to be without convictions. Some say Libra can be lazy, delicate, indecisive, overly dependent, overly adaptive, underhandedly manipulative, and lacking in self-confidence.

One of the major challenges facing harmony-loving Libra is how to handle the realities of everyday conflicts. Houlding notes that Libra can either synthesize these conflicts into a working whole or be in a state of inconstancy and indecision. Houlding proposes that the ideal process for Libra is to analyze the matter, and then integrate the analysis into a solution and a resolution, holding firm to their position, unless new information requires reevaluation.[iv] Librans are at their finest when they stand by principles so they use their gifts of impartiality and fairness in a sincere manner.

Debunking Libra Stereotypes

Some of the astrological literature portrays Libra as being naturally harmonious and easy-going, and the Libra state of being seems almost languid. What some of these descriptions about Libra leave out is the fact that maintaining harmony and balance requires a lot of effort! It takes enormous energy to understand another and to sustain a workable relationship. Think of the hard work that goes into mediating a labor dispute or handling an international conflict in a diplomatic manner. Over thirty years have passed since President Jimmy Carter, who has his Sun in Libra, helped forge a peace treaty between Israel and its Arab neighbor of Egypt. In his historic Camp David address, Carter stated, “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be the children of God.” The PBS history documentary series American Experience says of Carter:  “It's difficult to imagine any other American president doing what Carter did at Camp David. Most would not even have tried, and Carter's capacity for hard work, mastery of detail, moral integrity and just plain stubbornness all came into play. Though he would receive little domestic political benefit, it established Carter as a top global statesman and has served as the inspiration for much of his work since leaving office.”[v] Let us give Libra more credit for the energy required to obtain and keep the peace!

Libra is a cardinal sign, and we should not underrate their desire to initiate change and their will to pursue an agenda, but their process is to include others in that goal. Astrologer Caroline Casey, a Libra herself, loves to quote fellow astrologer Jayj Jacobs observation about Libra: “A Libra is just an Aires who has been to charm school.”[vi] That statement reflects Libra’s drive to bring about a change. The difference between the two signs is major. Pure Aries energy is concerned with the self, while Libra is intent on meeting the needs of others in addition to the self. In a discussion, Aries might state, “This is how I feel.” Libra, on the other hand, may say, “Let me summarize how we feel.”

ENDNOTES


[i] Bruce Nevin (1982). Astrology Inside Out. Rockport, Massachusetts, Para Research Publishers, p.79-80.
[ii] Houlding, Deborah. (June/July 2005). Libra the Scales. The Mountain Astrologer, #121, pp.29-35.
3. Ibid.

[iv]. Ibid

[v]. PBS American Experience: Jimmy Carter. Production Year: 2002. Retrieved 9/27/11: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-peace/

[vi]. Casey, Caroline. (1998). Making the Gods Work for You. New York: Harmony Books, p.41.


P

Profiles of Two Prominent Sun Sign Libras
















Gore Vidal
Born October 3, 1925

Gore Vidal’s death on July 31, 2012 led me to explore his biography more deeply, since my limited recollection of him was through his TV talk show appearances and at political or literary events. I first became aware of him as a teen when I saw my father read one of his works, Myra Breckenridge. His name perplexed me. I remember thinking: who would name a child “Gore?” Years later, in the first decade of the 21st century, I heard him speak at literary/political events in the Los Angeles area, where he spent his final years. At the Los Angeles Times Festival of Books, he graciously signed my used paperback edition of his nonfiction work Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace.

This controversial “public man of letters” was born to Nina Gore and to Eugene Luther Vidal on October 3, 1925. His father was a lieutenant aeronautics instructor at West Point Academy and his mother was a socialite, a daughter of the U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. A college and Olympic athlete, the elder Vidal later joined the Roosevelt Administration and co-founded three airlines.

Although he was born Eugene Louis Gore Vidal, by the age of 14 he dropped his first two names. At this young age, he already envisioned a future career as a politician or a writer, and he wanted a “sharp, distinctive name.” The young Vidal spent his childhood in Washington, D.C. in the company of his blind grandfather, Senator Gore, whom he assisted by accompanying him to the Capitol and by reading publications on his behalf. In D.C., young Vidal attended the Sidwell Friends School (later the choice of Chelsea Clinton and both Obama daughters) and St. Albans. He later transferred to the prestigious Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire. At the age of 10, Gore Vidal’s parents divorced. His mother remarried twice, including a marriage to Hugh D. Auchincloss, who would become his stepfather, and later, become Jacqueline Bouvier’s (Kennedy) stepfather.

Although Gore Vidal was known for his elegant and patrician air, as well as a “transatlantic accent,” he did not continue with an Ivy League education, as was typical in his social class. Instead, Gore Vidal enlisted in the U.S. military, eventually becoming physically ill during his 3-year service. He completed his first novel, Williwaw, in a military hospital. During the period 1946 through 1954, Gore Vidal produced eight novels. With few resources, he lived for a period in Guatemala, sharing a house with the celebrated diarist, Anais Nin. In 1948, the literary world dismissed his controversial The City and the Pillar, due to its openly homosexual content. Consequently, major publications refused to review his next five novels.

Returning to the U.S., Gore Vidal became focused on writing to improve his financial situation. Under the pseudonym of Edgar Box, he penned three mystery novels. Because these did not amass sufficient income, he became successfully engaged in TV scriptwriting. Later, he served as the final writer for the Ben-Hur film, although he was never credited. Gore Vidal continued his involvement in the lucrative scriptwriting field for five decades.

With the political bug in his blood, Gore Vidal ran as a Democratic candidate for Congress in a highly Republican district in New York in 1960. Although unsuccessful, he garnered more votes than John F. Kennedy, the Democratic candidate for President. Soon thereafter, Gore Vidal moved to Italy, spending the majority of each year in that favorite venue. (Vidal later ran for U.S. Senate in California, finishing a respectable second to Jerry Brown in the primary).

Gore Vidal’s novels are usually classified in the social and historic genres. During the 1960’s, he wrote three novels, including Julian, a historical novel about the Roman emperor. He later penned Washington, D.C., a novel about a political family in the F.D.R. era. His third novel, Myra Breckenridge, was a comedic satire about a transsexual. His political play, The Best Man has continued to enjoy theater reprisals, including one in 2012!

Aside from his writings, Gore Vidal became more and more active as a social critic. He vocally opposed the Vietnam War and American military aggression in the following decades. He verbally sparred with William Buckley, a conservative political pundit, on TV shows. He debated Norman Mailer and Truman Capote about social mores. As his friend Jay Parini said, Gore Vidal never lost interest in the world. He was a natural scold, forever warning his government and its citizens about the dangers of expanding its empire and the corrupting influences of money in politics. According to Parini, he despaired about the decline of the United States. Nevertheless, Gore Vidal savored his role as a commentator and a provocateur.

By the end of his life, Gore Vidal had authored 25 novels, two memoirs, and many essays. Some may argue whether Vidal received appropriate recognition for his narrative achievements, although his Lincoln and Burr works received considerable acclaim. Perhaps it is in the essay genre where Gore Vidal’s writing reaches its zenith. The executor of his literary estate, Jay Parini, claims that Gore Vidal is the modern master of the essay, perfecting the essay genre in the Post World War II era.

According to news reports, Gore Vidal’s remains were to be laid to rest in the area where he spent his formative years, in Washington, D.C. He is buried near his long-time partner and the beloved soldier whom he lost in World II. In summing up his character, Jay Parini says that Gore Vidal was a kind man to his friends, a man with a big heart who enjoyed the public battle. A book signing was the closest I ever got to him, but perhaps in some future novel of mine, he and I will meet periodically at one of his favorite culinary haunts, Musso & Frank on Hollywood Boulevard. Waiter, dear Sir, Mr. Vidal will have the Crab Louie, and I will have the Sand Dabs. Oh, and please make that two Martinis, extra dry!

Some Observations about the Natal Chart of Gore Vidal

Gore Vidal’s natal chart appears at the end of this section. As one might expect from an individual so engaged in the social world, the majority of Gore Vidal’s planets lie above the horizon, in houses seven through 12, indicating the need to be fulfilled through relationships. His Libra Sun Sign provided the urge for developing his purpose through social interaction and forming relationships. At the same time, Vidal’s Scorpio Ascendant made him selective about those he brought into his immediate social circle. If we review old clips of his television debates, we can observe how Vidal meshes his Libra and Scorpio energies. At one moment we see a stately man of letters, with his elegant speech, and in the next instant, he is a relentless man of conviction verbally lunging at his opponent with probing arguments and acerbic wit.

Gore Vidal’s chart shows his Sun (representing his essence, purpose, and what makes him feel alive), Mars (pursuing his desires), and Mercury (the rational mind and its expression) all conjunct (fused) in his 10th House of social standing. This reflects one naturally inclined toward written and/or verbal communication and one recognized for these talents. Furthermore, with aggressive Mars as part of this triad conjunction, one could expect someone who easily speaks his mind and does not hesitate to engage in a verbal battle. These qualities experience tension in a T-square with Pluto (wielder of power) in Cancer in the 8th house of other people’s resources. These 10th house planets also square Jupiter (expander, benefactor, upholder of faith) in Capricorn in Vidal’s 2nd House of personal resources. Clearly, Vidal could only be true to his calling by challenging the powerful in his social class who held the purse strings of money and influence. When powerful mainstream publications refused to review his books because of Vidal’s desire to speak forthrightly about homosexuality (his own and the identity of others), he took another course of action. Rather than to succumb to the powerful, he chose to upend his roots (Uranus in the 4th House) and search for a temporary haven to write on his own terms in order to increase his personal resources.

Breaking with tradition in Gore Vidal’s life is facilitated by the trine (easy, flowing, compatible) relationship between Uranus and Pluto, two of three outer planets of change. His Venus (values and relating) trines Uranus, creating a fertile situation for revolutionary changes in Vidal, and conversely, a force in can employ to help shift values and structures in his society. Pluto, the planet of purging and transformation, also enjoys a trine relationship with Venus and Saturn (structures and institutions).

When asked what advice he would give to others, Gore Vidal often responded that one should never refuse an opportunity for sex or to appear on television. With Scorpio covering his 12th house and his Ascendant, I will respect his privacy regarding whether he took his own advice in the sexual realm. I do know that he accepted many invitations to appear on television, and certainly many of us are wiser to hear his perspectives on the serious issues of the day.

May he rest in peace, but not for too long.


Sources:





























Michelle Bachelet
Born September 29, 1951

Known as the first woman elected President of Chile, physician and epidemiologist Michelle Bachelet currently serves as the first Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of UN Women, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly in July 2010. Under Dr. Bachelet’s guidance, UN Women leads, supports, and coordinates the work on gender equality and the empowerment of women at global, regional, and national levels. In addition to Spanish, Dr. Bachelet speaks EnglishGermanPortuguese and French, with varying levels of fluency.

Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria was born on September 29, 1951 to Angela Jeria Gomez and Alberto Bachelet in Santiago, Chile. Her father served as a General in the Air Force of Chile, while her mother was an archaeologist. As a child, Bachelet traveled regularly, as her father was assigned to different military bases in Chile. For two years, 1962-1964, Bachelet lived in the United States with her family. Her father had accepted a special military mission at the Chilean Embassy in Washington, D.C. She lived and attended schools in Bethesda, Maryland, learning English fluently. When Bachelet returned to Chile, she completed her secondary education with high grades and in the role of class president. After her top scores earned her entry into University of Chile, she began studies in medical school.

Michelle Bachelet’s studies were interrupted when Augusto Pinochet overthrew the presidential administration of Salvador Allende on September 11, 1973. General Bachelet refused exile and was taken into custody and charged with treason. He suffered daily torture at the hands of the military, and eventually suffered a fatal heart attack in 1974. In January 1975, Michelle Bachelet and her mother were detained and interrogated. The two were sent to detention centers, where they underwent torture. Because of familial connections with the military, Michelle Bachelet and her mother were released and went into exile in Australia. A few months later, Bachelet moved to East Germany and began working in medical clinics, in preparation for continuing her studies.

While living in East Germany, Michelle Bachelet met architect Jorge Leopoldo Dávalos Cartes, another Chilean exile, whom she married in 1977. She delivered their first child, a son, the following year. Bachelet studied German, and later enrolled in Humboldt University of Berlin to continue her medical school education. Her studies were once again interrupted when she received authorization to return to Chile. She arrived in Chile in 1979 and reenrolled in medical school at the University of Chile, from which she graduated with an M.D. in 1983.

Due to her political status in the Pinochet regime in Chile, Bachelet was denied the opportunity to work in the public sector, where she felt her medical services were most needed. However, her strong academic performance and published papers earned her a scholarship to study pediatrics and public health at a children’s hospital. At this time, she also became involved in the work of a non-governmental organization (NGO) that delivered care to children of Chileans tortured and missing from the actions of the Pinochet regime. She served as this foundation’s head until 1990. During this period, she gave birth to her second child, a daughter. However, she and her husband separated and she became involved with an engineer, Alex Trier, who was also very involved in anti-Pinochet activities. Interestingly, a few years later, Bachelet became involved with a fellow physician, Anibel Marich, who was a right-wing supporter of Pinochet. Manich fathered Bachelet’s third child, a daughter, but their relationship did not endure.

After democracy was restored in Chile in 1990, Bachelet went to work for her nation’s Ministry of Health. In addition to her local professional involvement, she also expanded her work in the international realm, becoming active in the World Health Organization, the Pan-American Health Organization, and the German Corporation for Technical Cooperation. Motivated to expand her knowledge of the area of civil-military relations, in 1996 Bachelet entered the National Academy of Political and Strategic Studies (ANEPE) in Chile, where her academic success ultimately earned her a presidential scholarship to study at the Inter-American Defense College in Washington, D.C., completing a Continental Defense Course in 1998. She returned to Chile to work for the Defense Ministry as Senior Assistant to the Defense Minister. Bachelet went on to earn her Master's in Military Science at the Chilean Army's War Academy.

Since her college years, Bachelet has been politically active, first in the Socialist Youth group, and later the Popular Unity movement. After her return from exile, she continued her resistance movement activities. When democracy was reestablished, she made an unsuccessful run for a mayoral position. Later, she worked for the campaign of presidential candidate Ricardo Lagos, who upon his election, appointed her Minister of Health in his administration. In this position for two years, Bachelet guided the reduction of the public hospital system’s waiting lists by 90%. Appointed Minister of Defense in 2002, she became the first woman to hold this position in Latin America, and one of the few in the world. Among her actions in this position was the reconciliation between the activities of the military and its torture victims during the Pinochet regime. She worked overall to modernize the Chilean military.

In 2005, Michelle Bachelet accepted the Socialist’s Party’s request to become a candidate for president. She did not receive enough votes to win a majority in the first round, but in the runoff, she garnered 53.5% of the vote. Sworn in on March 11, 2006, Bachelet appointed an equal number of females and males to the cabinet who represented the spectrum of Chilean political thought. A long-time advocate of women’s rights, she promoted gender equality and women’s empowerment throughout her presidency. Despite Chile’s financial crisis, Bachelet moved to spend on issues such as pension reform, social protection programs for women and children, and research and development,. Other Bachelet initiatives included tripling the number of free early child-care centers for low-income families and the completion of some 3,500 child-care centers around the country. Although Bachelet completed her presidential term with high approval ratings, the Chilean constitution prohibits consecutive terms by chief executives.
Now active on the international front, Michele Bachelet works to promote the axiom that gender equality is good business. She told the following to the Huffington Post: “One of the factors a country's economy depends on is human capital. If you don't provide women with adequate access to healthcare, education, and employment, you lose at least half of your potential. So, gender equality and women's empowerment bring huge economic benefits. The 2010 global gender gap report by the World Economic Forum shows that countries with better gender equality have faster-growing, more competitive economies.”

Some Observations about the Natal Chart of Michelle Bachelet

Michelle Bachelet’s birth time is unknown, so the standard 12:00 pm time is used to calculate her chart. The chart from Astrodatabank is presented at the end of this section.

Prior to working on this article, I knew just basic information about Michele Bachelet, such as the fact that she was a physician, but what surprised me was her interest in the military. I was aware that her father was a general in the Chilean military at the time of the overthrow of the Allende presidency by the dictator Pinochet. As I read about her military education, I wondered about the nature of Mars in her natal chart and about Aries in her chart. Mars represents the urge and drive for action, aggression, or assertiveness, and essentially going after what you want. The first sign of the zodiac, Aries, often typifies the warrior, the trailblazer, and the pioneer. Absent a reliable birth time, we don’t know what house Mars occupies, but we do know it is in the late degrees of Leo, and that it is conjunct Pluto in Leo, as well as conjunct Venus in early Virgo. Given this symbolism, it naturally follows that Bachelet made it a priority to transform (Pluto) the role of the military so that it would never again serve as the torturous and oppressive force of its people as it did during the Pinochet regime. Moreover, Bachelet worked to bring more fairness and equity for women (Venus) in the military. In astrological symbolism, Mars can also symbolize surgery, and Bachelet is both a surgeon and pediatrician. During her medical professional years, she devoted part of her career to serving the children of torture (Pluto) victims.

Like many of us, Michelle Bachelet may feel conflicted by various aspects of her personality. Her Sun (symbolizing her essence, will, what makes her feel alive) is in Libra, the sign desiring harmony, balance, and justice. Her sun is conjunct Saturn (symbolizing the urge for establishing boundaries, limits, laws, and structures), and it opposes Jupiter (representing expansion, bounty, and faith) in Aries. In other words, Bachelet, in the ideal world, would like to conform (Sun conjunct Saturn). With the opposition between Saturn and Jupiter, she can see both the benefits of going for the gusto in a “whatever it takes” battle, while respecting the need for perpetuating stable institutions The energy which may help her decide her course is Uranus, which is the apex planet of the T-square with Jupiter and Saturn. Known as the maverick planet of sudden changes and revolution, Uranus is willing to tear down structures that are archaic in order to replace them with innovative thinking. Squares are not easy, and they represent tension that demands a resolution. Jupiter in Aries may reflect Bachelet’s attraction for the military, while its opposition to Sun-Saturn in harmonious Libra seeks a mediated solution. Furthermore, aggressive Jupiter in Aries also opposes idealistic and tranquil Neptune in Libra.

Despite scary and tumultuous times, Michelle Bachelet continued to press on to finish medical school and to rid Chile of it dictatorial government. Additionally, she dared to break conventions (Uranus) as a divorced woman in a morally conservative Catholic country, and to have a child outside marriage. She has been the “first” in many categories, and she continues to work toward the goal of creating opportunities for other women to be “first” in their respective cultures and communities.


Sources:
                                                                                                                 












Tuesday, August 21, 2012

VIRGO THE MAIDEN




Preface

If your birthday does not fall during the Virgo timeframe for the year you were born, this DOES NOT mean that you do not experience the energy of Virgo, because somewhere in your natal birth chart, it is present. All twelve signs of the zodiac are expressed in your being, although some signs, and therefore their corresponding energies, may be more emphasized than others.
The Sun sign is about your essence, your vitality (what makes you feel alive), and your self-image. Whatever your Sun sign, you are on a life-long journey to discover and fully embrace this sign’s energy. You may be tested in life to experience the meaning of your Sun sign’s energy.

The Sun transits the sign of Virgo beginning August 22, 2012 at 10:07 am PDT. 


Virgos Speak!

Lance Armstrong







“Cycling is so hard, the suffering is so intense, that it’s absolutely cleansing. The pain is so deep and strong that a curtain descends over your brain….Once; someone asked me what pleasure I took in riding for so long. ‘PLEASURE???? I said.’ ‘I don’t understand the question.’ I didn’t do it for the pleasure; I did it for the pain.” 
Lance Armstrong
Virgo Professional Cyclist and Philanthropist
Born September 18, 1971


Kobe Bryant







“I'm chasing perfection.”
Kobe Bryant
Virgo All-Star Pro Basketball Player
Born August 23, 1978


Lily Tomlin









“Sometimes I worry about being a success in a mediocre world.”

Lily Tomlin
Virgo Comedian and Actor
Born September 1, 1939



Mother Theresa







“Let us touch the dying, the poor, the lonely, and the unwanted according to the graces we have received and let us not be ashamed or slow to do the humble work.”
Mother Theresa
Virgo Activist Catholic Nun
Born August 27, 1910

Jane Addams







"In his own way each man must struggle, lest the normal law become a far-off abstraction utterly separated from his active life."
Jane Addams
Virgo International and Chicago Social Activist
Born September 6, 1860

Molly Ivins







“What stuns me most about contemporary politics is not even that the system has been so badly corrupted by money. It is that so few people get the connection between their lives and what the bozos do in Washington and our state capitols….Politics is not a picture on a wall or a television sitcom that you can decide you don't much care for.”
Molly Ivins
Virgo Journalist, Social Commentator, and Humorist
Born August 30, 1944

Leonard Cohen







“Ring the bells that still can ring
Forget your perfect offering
There is a crack, a crack in everything
That's how the light gets in.”
Leonard Cohen
Virgo Singer and Songwriter
Born September 21, 1934


The Transition from Leo to Virgo

The Sun’s transit of the sign of Virgo occurs in late summer, when daylight still predominates, but is waning. The weather is still warm, and sometimes hot, but changes are perceptible. With respect to astrological personalities, we have experienced the bravado of sunny, creative Leo, displaying talents for all in a reciprocal exchange of love. Time, as expressed in the zodiac wheel, moves on, and we embark upon a new stage of development. As the signs proceed around the zodiac, the succeeding sign shows a tendency to display behavior in “reaction” to characteristics of the previous sign. Whereas Leo was a showcase for a personality on exhibit, Virgo’s energy turns inward, desiring a little more modesty. Those of us who have strong streaks of self-involvement know that such a perspective can get boring, and that we can quell that through identification with a greater purpose. Virgo represents the beginning of that stage in the zodiac. Virgo taps into the need for personal growth and humility through service.

I am now more cognizant of looking at what a sign “retains” from the previous sign. Virgo is intent upon taking risks, just as Leo was, but in a different style and with a different purpose. At the beginning of his book’s section on Virgo, astrologer Steven Forrest has a wonderful quote from author James Baldwin: “One can give nothing whatever without giving oneself—that is to say, risking oneself. If one cannot risk oneself, then one is simply incapable of giving.” [i] Leo took risks to perform and to love, and Virgo carries on, but with a different perspective and focus. Virgo is intent on discovering, perfecting, and transforming herself through being of service. Steven Forrest clarifies that Virgo is not about the servitude that astrologers of other centuries described, but rather about the desire to be of service as a form of self-expression. By perfecting herself, Forrest says, Virgo serves the principle of service. [ii]

Virgo Symbolism, Rulerships, and Personality

The symbol of Virgo is the maiden or virgin (like the medieval painting shown at the beginning of this article). In modern times, the term virgin has a sexual connotation of inexperience, but that is a distorted view of the symbol. Astrologer Catherine Auman says the name Virgo derives from the Latin word “virgo” meaning unmarried, and the term virginal means that she belongs to no man, that she cannot be possessed.[iii] The maiden, or virgin, in simplest terms, refers to the state of purity.

Glyph of Virgo

Bruce Nevin, an astrologer living in the Rockport colony of Massachusetts, explains that the sign’s glyph (shown above) suggests virginity by its self-contained final curve. The loops of the symbol resemble the loops of the intestines, which are ruled by Virgo. The “M” of the symbol stands for the Mind, which facilitates the talent for discrimination, like sorting the wheat from the chaff, metaphorically speaking.[iv]

Virgo is the sixth sign of the zodiac, ruling the sixth house of work, servants, health, diet, and daily routines. This house covers the terrain of skill building and competence, so that we can meet our responsibilities as adults and contribute to society. It is the place where we are apprentices in the development of a trade. Conversely, it can also be the realm where we serve as mentors to others. Steven Forrest observes that modern astrologers have a gap in meaning for the sixth house. He notes that the western side of the chart has to do with various forms of relationships, but modern astrology leaves out the discussion of relationships for the sixth house. Forrest posits that the sixth house is about relationships, but ones that are no longer prevalent in our nuclear family constellation. These are the relationships that we traditionally had with aunts and uncles. These relatives cared about us, but they had the “emotional distance” to assist us with developmental issues that young people find difficult talking to their parents about. In our modern society, we may have mentoring relationships that substitute for the traditional ones, and in that case, the sixth house is where we might expect to find that activity.[v]

Virgo is a mutable earth sign. Mutable signs are often in motion, says astrologer Lynn Bell, but they are not about action in the way that cardinal signs are. Instead, mutable signs move between the realms of the cardinal signs and the fixed signs. Bell uses the analogy of the Tao, what the Chinese refer to as the one constant in the world. This is the center between creative and receptive energy. When this mutable energy is disregarded, Bell continues, a culture (or person) may be uncomfortably caught between the need for constant action (the cardinal principle) and the desire for permanence (the fixed principle).[vi]

Because Virgo is an earthly manifestation of Mercury, the planet of the rational mind, it is characterized by both the urge to produce and the urge to analyze. This makes Virgo an excellent craftsperson, and someone who may be attracted to gardening, and to the practice of herbalism or other forms of healing. Interestingly enough, the earth signs are not viewed as particularly fruitful in childbearing.

Astrologer Deborah Houlding says that ancient and traditional sources cite “the benefits of Virgo as bestowing purity, diplomacy, a mastery of words, a discriminating intellect, a propensity for study, a talent for investigation and analysis, skillful creativity, and a keen appreciation of the mysteries of nature.” [vii] The more difficult sides to Virgo are pickiness, extreme criticism, skepticism, hypochondria, self-deprecation, and overly self-sacrificing.[viii] Forrest says that in order for Virgo’s self-criticism not to be self-destructive, there must be self-acceptance.[ix]

Debunking the Virgo Stereotypes

The Virgo need to improve or perfect is often misunderstood or exaggerated. Any personality characteristic can be taken to an extreme, but this is true of any sign. With a Virgo Sun and Pisces Moon, Jan Posse, editor of The Mountain Astrologer, observes, “Virgo knows only too well that we live in an imperfect world. She doesn’t expect to be perfect—only beyond reproach.” Posse also notes that astrologer Stephanie Austin often substitutes the word impeccability for perfection.[x]

I have known many people with Virgo Suns in my lifetime. As with any sun sign, you will see variations in personalities because of the various combinations of energies in an astrological birth chart. I sometimes read that Virgos are very neat, clean, and orderly. Now, this certainly may be true of many Virgos, but it is not the common thread I see running through the personalities of Virgos. I have observed that Virgos seem to share a gift of knowing how to implement a concept in earthly reality, and the ability to articulate the steps one might take to resolve a problem. This does relate to orderliness, but it is the orderliness of the mind. It is analytical. It is the meshing of air and earth energy of the planet Mercury (Virgo’s ruler), which needs to utilize the rational mind, but in the context of earthly manifestation.

At her most balanced, Virgo has the powers of discrimination and discernment. She uses her analytic abilities to determine where to put her energy. This reminds me of the discussions I used to hear in the 1980’s among working women with children about how to have a balanced life with so many demands. The concept I most remember hearing is that priorities change from day to day. What was a priority yesterday is not necessarily a priority today. This to me reflects Virgo energy, i.e. knowing where and for what to devote one’s energy.

Popular western astrology often paints a picture of Virgos as demure, prudish, and perhaps sexually uninterested. Vedic astrologer Kenneth Johnson points out that jyotish (Hindu) astrology views Virgo as passionate and sensual with a soft, relaxed, languid, erotic quality.[xi] Even if we use the western astrology framework, Virgo is an earth sign, in touch with carnality. I do not know how this western astrology image came to be, but it may surprise many to know that Virgo is associated with the sacred prostitutes in the ancient cultures of Egypt, Babylonia, Sumer, and Rome. The concept of sacred prostitution may be foreign to us in our present-day culture. In the Pre-Christian times of goddess worship, sex with sacred prostitutes was viewed as a sacred act. They were teachers of the mysteries, and of the healing, restorative, and transforming power of sexual energy.[xii]


Profiles of Two Sun Sign Virgos












Agatha Christie
Mystery Author
Born September 15, 1890

According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the late British mystery writer, Agatha Christie, remains the most translated author in history, even exceeding the translated works of William Shakespeare! Some sources claim that with 4 billion copies of her works sold, she is also the best-selling author of all time. One of her novels, And Then There Were None, purportedly sold 100 million books, which puts her in the top ten for best-selling single works. The London production of her play, The Mousetrap, is the longest continuously running play in the country to this day.

Born Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller in Torquay, Devon, England, she was the youngest of three children. She was home schooled and she later reminisced that her childhood was a very happy period. Others observed her to be a highly imaginative child who frequently made up stories with a wide range of characters.

In World War I, Agatha Miller became a member of the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) that provided nursing services at a hospital in her hometown. Not surprising for a service-oriented Sun Sign Virgo, she enjoyed her duties, referring to nursing as “one of the most rewarding professions that anyone can follow.” As part of her assignment, she worked at the hospital pharmacy, where she learned extensively about medicines and poisons, appropriate subject matter for the first detective story that she wrote during this period.

At the age of 24, Agatha Miller married Archibald (Archie) Christie, an aviator enlisted in Britain’s Royal Flying Corp. The marriage produced only one child, a daughter named Rosalind Hicks. Mr. Christie’s assignments called for travel, and Agatha accompanied him, leaving their child with family. The couple traveled to Hawaii, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. Agatha and her husband became avid surfers.

Early in her marriage, Agatha wrote her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles. Although it was completed in 1916, it was not published until 1920 in the United States. Set in a large isolated country manor, it introduces her soon-to-be famous character, Hercule Poirot, an Inspector of Belgian origin. The novel, similar to her future works, successfully presents meticulous details about the scene of the murder, possible motives, red herrings, and surprise plot twists. She later revealed that she did not care for her character Hercule Poirot, whom she considered pompous and arrogant. Agatha Christie expressed greater fondness for her elderly sleuth protagonist, Miss Marple.

The year 1926 became a tumultuous one for Agatha Christie. First, her mother passed away. Later that year, Archie asked her for a divorce, explaining that he had fallen in love with another woman, Nancy Neele. After a quarrel in early December, Agatha Christie left a note saying she was headed to Yorkshire, but she could not be located for 11 days. In Yorkshire, Agatha Christie had checked into a hotel registered under the last name of her husband’s mistress. Accounts for her disappearance ranged from speculation that she had suffered a nervous breakdown to reactions that she had planned this event as a publicity stunt or to embarrass her husband. The couple divorced in 1928 after 14 years of marriage.

On one of her travels, Agatha Christie met archaeologist Max Mallowan, many years her junior. The two became romantically involved as she accompanied him on archaeological digs. They married in 1930, and their marriage remained a happy one until her death. Because of her husband’s frequent travels to exotic locales, these sites became settings in her stories.

During World War II, Agatha Christie once again worked at a hospital pharmacy in London, expanding her pharmaceutical knowledge that she later applied to post-war literary works. Her 1961 novel, The Pale Horse, was credited with helping doctors solve a baffling medical case, which they discovered was caused by thallium poisoning, described in detail in the Agatha Christie’s book.

Agatha Christie attained much acclaim for her literary works, and her country bestowed honors such as the Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and later the Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. With her health failing, the successful author signed over the rights to her literary legacy to her grandson. Mathew Prichard assumed the position of Chairman of Agatha Christie Limited in 1970, which now oversees the late author’s estate following her death at age 86 in 1976.

Some Observations about the Natal Chart of Agatha Christie

Agatha Christie’s natal chart appears toward the end of this section. Sometimes when I view someone’s chart, I devote significant time to understand why someone engaged in his or her life pursuits. From my vantage point, this is not the case with Agatha Christie. My eye naturally went to the author’s 10th house of career, which contains the sign of Gemini, although the MC (the cusp of the 10th house) is in the late degrees of Taurus. Gemini is ruled by Mercury, the planet representing the mental processes and communication. This indicates that any of the communication processes, speaking and writing, would incline the native to use these talents in a career. The planets Neptune, representing imagination, and Pluto, the motive to purge and transform, as well as to explore deep mysteries in life, are drives impelling Agatha Christie to express these in writing. Moreover, the ruler of Gemini, Mercury, is in the writer’s second house of personal resources. No doubt, Christie used her communication resources in her career, and in turn, her career brought her tremendous financial resources. Furthermore, Jupiter in air sign Aquarius, the planet of abundance and good fortune (and sometimes overindulgence) trines (flowing compatible energy) both Neptune and Pluto from the fifth house of creativity and fun.

Agatha Christie’s Mercury is in the air sign of Libra, a sign that strives for harmony in relationships and other aspects of life. I have also seen Libra associated with various aspects of the arts, including literature. Libra is also the sign on the cusp of Christie’s third house, the area of life associated with one’s local environment and the sphere of communication. The third house is naturally associated with Gemini, which, once again, is ruled by Mercury. The planet of innovation and uniqueness, Uranus, resides in Christie’s third house, conjunct (fused with) her Mercury in the second house. Bringing a new style to mysteries, Christie ushered in the golden age of detective fiction. Furthermore, the planet Venus can be found in Christie’s third house of communication. Venus, ruling relating, the arts, and resources, is in the intense and passionate sign of Scorpio. This zodiac sign is driven to dig for the truth, to delve deeply into the psyche, and to uncover life’s mysteries. The modern day ruler of Scorpio is Pluto, the planet appearing in Christie’s 10th house of career and social standing.

Agatha Christie’s ascendant, or rising, sign is in the sign of Virgo, the zodiac sign often associated with the processes of perfecting, attention to detail, a sense of service to a cause, health and purification. Needless to say, Christie earned the reputation of being meticulous in her detail of fictionalized crime. Although an earth sign, Virgo is ruled by the planet Mercury. During two world wars, Christie served her country in the medical field, becoming adept in the knowledge of medications. The sign of Virgo is often involved in the healing professions.

With so much Mercury influence, through Gemini and Virgo, it is no wonder that Agatha Christie had the capability for prolific literary production in terms of quantity, as well as in the brief span of time in which she produced her mysteries. By the end of her life, Christie had written over 100 literary works in the genres of romance, detective, crime fiction, thriller, and murder mystery.

Saturn, the planet associated with Father Time and boundaries, resides in Christie’s first house of identity, personality, and physical self. Saturn squares (a relationship of tension) Christie’s Neptune and Pluto in the 10th house of career. This relationship between the planets reflects the need for Christie to display discipline in order to bring manifestation to her creative imagination and her ability to delve deep into the human psyche and into the realm of murder.

Sagittarius, the sign often symbolizing the urge to travel and to understand and be immersed in other cultures, thereby exploring a wide variety of subjects, takes up the good part of Christie’s fourth house of residences and roots, which fits with Christie’s wanderlust and lifestyle of traveling extensively with her husbands.

Despite her travels to countries with cultures much different from her own, Christie displayed considerable cultural snobbery, racism, and anti-Semitism. Considering her works have been translated into so many different languages and enjoyed by readers representing the whole spectrum of political thought, the author herself was tremendously intolerant of people who were not of the white upper crust. Her descriptions of characters of non-white origin are less than appealing in her pre-World War II works.

Writing for Inside Story, Dennis Altman says British journalist Johann Hari posited that Christie held a conservative Burkean worldview that possesses a deep desire for order (Virgo!) and a suspicion of radical change. Altman contends that this is giving her too much credit for having a coherent political position. Nevertheless, continues Altman, “we read Christie despite her prejudices, not because of them, just as one might enjoy James Bond as entertainment but deplore Fleming’s sexism and love of violence.” Furthermore, observes Altman, “When I am falling ill one of the early signs is a desire to reread Agatha: even if I remember who did it, there is still pleasure in watching how cunningly she leads us to the eventual denouement.”





Sources:

























Oliver Stone
Virgo Film Director and Screenwriter
Born September 15, 1946

Oliver Stone rose to prominence in the cinematic world in the late 1970s as a screenwriter, and since then has expanded into filmmaking as a director and producer. His screenwriting and directing credits now span over 20 full-length feature films, many that have earned him critical acclaim and awards.

Born in New York City on September 15, 1946, Oliver Stone was the only son of a French-born mother, Jacqueline Goddet and an American stockbroker father, Louis Stone. Growing up in affluence, Stone spent significant time in his early years in France with his maternal grandparents. He was educated at the Trinity School on the west side of Manhattan, followed by four years at The Hill boarding school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. Accepted at Yale University, Stone dropped out after a year.

In 1965, Stone traveled to Viet Nam to teach at a Catholic high school in Saigon. A year later, he joined the U.S. Merchant Marine, where he worked below deck on several ships. These voyages took him around Asia, back to the U.S., and Mexico. During this period, he began writing, penning a large manuscript that he entitled “A Child’s Night Dream,” a work that was later consolidated and published three decades later. In 1967, Stone enlisted in the U.S. Army, where he served in active duty in Cambodia and Vietnam. Wounded twice, Stone later received the Bronze Star and Purple Heart for his service.

After returning from Vietnam, Stone enrolled in New York University and began the study of filmmaking, with a faculty comprised of such teachers as Martin Scorsese. After attaining his Fine Arts degree in 1971, Stone worked many jobs that supported his screenwriting pursuits. Stone’s first breakthrough came with his 1978 low-budget film, Midnight Express, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. In succeeding years, he wrote The Hand, Conan the Barbarian, Scarface, and Year of the Dragon. His directed and co-wrote the screenplay for the film Salvador, which explored the political complexities in Central America.

In the first of his Vietnam trilogy films, Stone received international acclaim for the 1986 release, Platoon, for which he won Oscars for Best Director and Best Picture. Stone’s second Vietnam movie, Born on the Fourth of July, released in 1989, told the poignant story of the struggle of veteran Ron Kovic, played by Tom Cruise. Receiving critical acclaim, Stone won a second Oscar for Best Director and Cruise was voted Best Actor. He completed his Vietnam trilogy in 1993, with the release of Heaven and Earth, which recounted war as experienced by a Vietnamese woman. Oliver Stone became known for his realistic approach to war storytelling through these three films.

Other successes in Oliver Stone’s filmography include Wall Street, the highly successful 1987 film about financial greed and corruption. A sequel, Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps, debuted in 2010. Stone ventured into historical and biographical filmmaking beginning in the 1990s with JFK, The Doors, and Nixon. In 2008, Stone released W, the story of President George W. Bush, while the Chief Executive was still in office.

Oliver Stone has increasingly been associated with political filmmaking, releasing a documentary on Fidel Castro, Comandante in 2003. That same year, he addressed the Palestinian and Israeli conflict in his documentary entitled Persona Non Grata. In 2010, he released, South of the Border, which journeys to South America to observe the political changes that have occurred under the leadership of new mavericks. More such controversial works are expected toward the end of 2012.

Stone has had run-ins with the law for his alcohol and drug habits, which began at least as far back as his Vietnam days and have continued into this past decade. The prolific writer and director loosely based the Scarface movie script on his own addiction to cocaine.

Some Observations about the Natal Chart of Oliver Stone

The vast majority of planets in Oliver Stone’s natal chart (shown at the bottom of this section) are above the horizon, signifying that he finds purpose, meaning, and fulfillment through his relationships with others and activity in the social world (represented by houses seven through 12). Only Venus lies beneath the horizon, but even this planet of relating and resources is in his first house, conjunct the Ascendant. Indeed, through filmmaking, Stone tells stories about historical figures and international conflicts that influence all of our lives. Unlike some other filmmakers, Oliver Stone has very clear opinions about what is going on in the broader world.

With Mercury conjunct his Sun, Oliver Stone will be known for his thinking and ideas, appropriately in the arena of community with like-minded individuals (the 11th house). With Sun and Mercury at the same degree, the planets are “combust,” which inclines these individuals to take an active role in communications. Individuals with this astrological aspect are expressive and need to be heard, and often do so in an animated manner. They may find it difficult to passively listen and absorb information. These people may be better speakers than listeners. In the case of Oliver Stone, this tendency for restlessness may be even more pronounced because the planet of sudden and revolutionary changes, quirky Uranus in Gemini, squares (reflecting tension) his Mercury in Virgo (a sign ruled by Mercury). Uranus in Gemini can spark out of the box thinking and behavior that might upend the Virgo qualities of systematic and methodical approaches.

Stone’s Moon trines (flowing, compatible energy) his Mercury and Sun, which indicates that he is comfortable talking about feelings. He probably trusts his instincts, and he may be inclined to use both his perceptions and mental faculties in compatible ways.

Stone’s Venus in Scorpio brings a tendency for intensity and secretiveness in relating, the only planet below the horizon in his chart. Venus opposes (bringing awareness of the other) the Moon in Taurus. Venus likes to go deep in exploring the processes of the psyche and the motives of others, whereas much more light-hearted Taurus is satisfied with hugs and other sensual activities that do not necessarily involve the profound. The modern-day ruler of the sign of Scorpio is Pluto, which is at the top of Stone’s chart. Pluto is the apex planet of the t-square between Venus and the Moon. Since Pluto is in Stone’s house of career, this may represent a tension between his relationships with others (business partners, marriages) and his career and his autonomy. Pluto facilitates purging in order for the soul to grow. Although I do not have a clear sense of the nature of his business relationships, I am aware that he has been married three times. Stone is no stranger to exploring the unsavory aspects of life, such as violence, war, and drug dependence. Going into these realms must certainly raise issues with both business partners (Hollywood studios) and intimate relationships. However, Saturn, the planet of timely restraints and boundaries, conjuncts Pluto, which may provide a “reality-check” (not to mention nice contracts and royalties) on how Oliver Stone explores these taboo aspects of life.

The planet Jupiter urges people to dream “big,” and often brings benefits. On the other hand, Jupiter often represents too much of a good thing, something that has been taken to excess. In Oliver Stone’s chart, Jupiter is conjunct his Ascendant, which governs his personality. This can indicate a self-confident and optimistic individual, but taken to an extreme they can be arrogant and proselytizing, sometimes viewed as fanatics or zealots. Certainly, Oliver Stone is a larger than life personality, with many successes.

Jupiter may also activate benefactor tendencies in his personality. He actively pursues (Mars conjunct Jupiter and the Ascendant) what he wants. Stone is clearly a powerful figure.




Sources:



Sources for Quotations

Lance Armstrong. Retrieved on 7/30/12 from: http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/1544.Lance_Armstrong

Kobe Bryant. Retrieved on 7/30/12 from: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/k/kobe_bryant.html

Lily Tomlin. From Becoming Myself: Reflections on Growing Up Female. Retrieved on 8/5/12 from: http://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/219212-becoming-myself-reflections-on-growing-up-female


Jane Addams. Retrieved on 8/5/12 from: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/jane_addams.htm

Molly Ivins. Retrieved on 8/5/12 from: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/a/molly_ivins.htm

Leonard Cohen. From the song Anthem on The Future album. Retrieved from: http://www.cduniverse.com


ENDNOTES



[i] Forrest, Steven. (1988). The Inner Sky. San Diego: ACS Publications, pp.61-66.

[ii] Ibid.

[iii] Aumen, Catherine. (June/July 2002). Virgo, Sexuality, and the Sacred Prostitute. The Mountain Astrologer, #103, pp.17-21.

[iv] Nevin, Bruce. (1982). Astrology Inside Out. Rockport, Massachusettes, Para Research Publishers, p.89.

[v] Forrest, Steven. (June/July 2002). The Case of the Disappearing 6th House. The Mountain Astrologer, #103, pp.9-16.

[vi] Bell, Lynn. (August/September 2004). Virgo’s Wings and Other Musings on the Mutable Signs. The Mountain Astrologer, #116, pp.36-41.

[vii] Houlding, Deborah. (August/September 2007). Virgo the Maiden. The Mountain Astrologer, #134, pp.25-31.

[viii] Nevin, Bruce. (1982). Astrology Inside Out. Rockport, Massachusettes, Para Research Publishers, p. 147

[ix] Forrest, Steven. The Inner Sky. Op. Cit.

[x] Posse, Jan. (August/September 2004). A Letter from the Managing Editor. The Mountain Astrologer, Issue #116, p.5.

[xi] Johnson, Kenneth (August/September 2004).  A Vedic Perspective on Virgo and Pisces 8/04 116 Vedic (Hindu) Astrology. The Mountain Astrologer, #116, pp.77-83.

[xii] Aumen, Catherine. Op. Cit.



Please note that sources for the two profiles are presented after each section.
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